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تصميم البلاطات ذات البلوكات المفرغة

التصنيف الكامل: Teaching & Academics > Engineering > Structural Engineering

تصميم البلاطات ذات البلوكات المفرغة

عن هذا الكورس

تمهيد :تعتبر البلاطات ذات الأعصاب أو البلاطات ذات البلوكات المفرغة من أخف أنواع البلاطات وأكثرها استخداما حيث تغطي مسافات بين الأعمدة تصل الي 12.0 متر, وترجع فكرة عمل هذة البلاطات الي الاستخدام الأمثل لمقاومة الخرسانة في الضغط والحديد في الشد حيث أنه عندما تزداد الأبعاد بين الاعمدة يزداد سمك البلاطة وبالتالي تكون المناطق الخرسانية المشدودة أسفل محور التعادل عديمة الفائدة والمناطق المضغوطة فقط هي من تقاوم من قبل الخرسانة, فجائت فكرة البلوكات لتفريغ الجزي السفلي من الخرسانة وعمل مناطق يتم تركيز فيها الحديد لمقاومة قوي الشد في الجزء السفلي وعند حساب البلاطات ذات القوالب المفرغة لا تعتبر هذه القوالب المفرغة فعالة استاتيكياً.مميزات نظام البلاطات المفرغة1- السقف يعتبر خفيف مما يؤدي للتوفير في حجم الأساسات لاستخدام كمية خرسانه قليلة.2- عازل جيد للصوت والحرارة مقاوم جيد للحريق لأن الحريق يوزع على مسطح كبير.3- وضع الحوائط فى اي مكان في البلاطه ذات الاتجاهين اما البلاطه ذات الاتجاه الواحد توضع فوق الكمرات أو الاعصاب ويمنع وضعها فوق البلوكات.1- مرونه نسبيه فى الحوائط وليست كلية بسبب البلوك .2- ضعيفه فى مقاومة الرطوبه والأمطار3- لا تتحمل الاحمال الحيه العاليه.4-يحدث شروخ عند اتصال البلاطات المفرغة مع البلاطات الرقيقة5- صعوبة الصيانة والترميم.مكونات البلاطة ذات البلوكات المفرغةتتكون البلاطة من كل من1- بلوكات (Blocks) مفرغة خفيفة الوزن (10-20 كيلوجرام/بلوك) ذات ابعاد قياسة.2- أعصاب(Ribs) بينية تحاط بالبلوكات من اتجاه واحد او من الاتجاهين.3- بلاطة مصمتة(Solid Slab) بسمك يتراوح بين 5-8 سم فوق البلوكات المفرغة.4- أجزاء مصمتة (Solid Part)بين البلكوكات والكمرات الساقطة.وتنقسم الي اجزاء مصمتة محملة (loaded S.P) واجزاء غير محملة (unloaded S.P)width of unloaded S.P ≥ 20 cm width of loaded S.P ≥ 30 cmحا

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